Clinic appointment
Testicular Cancer Marker Check
Three blood proteins that are sometimes raised in testicular conditions: LDH, alpha-fetoprotein and HCG.
- Doctor-reviewed results
- Laboratory analysis
- 1 to 2 working days from lab receipt
- No fasting required

What’s included
3 markers measured
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Lactate dehydrogenase, an enzyme the body uses to turn sugar into energy, found in many tissues including muscle, liver, heart, kidneys and blood cells. The test is mainly used to help look for tissue damage and judge how severe it is, and can track some kidney, liver and cancer conditions.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a tumour marker measured in the blood. It may be checked with other markers when testicular cancer is suspected, to help support the diagnosis and staging, and after treatment to monitor response and spot relapse. It supports a diagnosis rather than making one.
HCG (tumour marker)
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), measured here as a tumour marker. Alongside AFP and LDH it can support a diagnosis of testicular cancer, and it is used to help stage the disease, monitor treatment and check for relapse. It is supporting information, not a diagnosis on its own.
Overview
Three blood proteins that can be raised in some testicular conditions, including germ cell tumours. Doctors use them as supporting information when assessing a lump, swelling or pain in a testicle, and to monitor known conditions. They are not a screening test, and a normal result does not rule anything out. Any new lump should be examined by a doctor promptly, with this test as part of that assessment rather than instead of it.
Used by a doctor as supporting information when assessing testicular symptoms; these markers are not a substitute for examination or imaging and normal results do not rule anything out.
Who this is for and who it isn’t
Who it’s for
- Men aged 18 and over
- Men whose doctor has asked for tumour markers alongside an examination
- Men monitoring a previous diagnosis
Who it isn’t for
- Not a screening test for men without symptoms: many testicular cancers do not raise these markers, so a normal result offers no reassurance about a lump. LDH and hCG can be raised for unrelated reasons. An examination and ultrasound are the tests that matter for a lump.
- Anyone with a new, severe or worsening symptom: contact your GP or call NHS 111. A test you buy today is not a substitute for being examined.
Common reasons people choose this test
- A doctor has asked for tumour markers
- Monitoring after a previous diagnosis
- Supporting an assessment your GP has already started
These are reasons people choose to test, not signs that something is wrong. A result is one part of a picture your doctor puts together with your history and an examination.
What your result looks like
Every result is shown with the unit and the reference range exactly as the laboratory reported it, with the doctor’s note underneath.
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)In range
- Result
- 170 IU/L
- Range
- 135–225
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)In range
- Result
- 3 kU/L
- Range
- <7
- HCG (tumour marker)In range
- Result
- <2 IU/L
- Range
- <2
| Marker | Result | Units | Range | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) | 170 | IU/L | 135–225 | In range |
| Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) | 3 | kU/L | <7 | In range |
| HCG (tumour marker) | <2 | IU/L | <2 | In range |
Values above are examples. Your report shows your own results with the laboratory’s units and reference range for your age and sex, reviewed, signed and released by a GMC-registered doctor.
How it works
- You book your appointmentA trained clinician takes your sample at one of our London clinics. Nothing to do at home.
- The clinician takes your sampleA single clinic blood draw by a trained clinician
- The laboratory analyses itYour sample is processed for the measurements included in this test. Lab processing typically takes 1 to 2 working days from receipt of your sample.
- A doctor reviews and releases itA GMC-registered doctor reads every result and signs the report before it reaches you.
- Sample
- Clinic blood draw
- Preparation
- No fasting required
- Who it's for
- Men · ages 18+
How to prepare
What we can and can’t tell you
The reference range beside each result is the laboratory’s own. A result in range is not a clean bill of health and a result outside it is not a diagnosis. Most ranges cover about 95% of healthy people, so about 1 in 20 healthy people fall just outside any one range. No test result replaces an examination or your own doctor’s judgement, and none of these panels is a cancer screening programme.
Read the full note
The reference range printed beside each of your results is the laboratory's own, and it is the range that applies to your result. We do not apply a second range of our own, and we do not tell you that a result the laboratory reported as normal is nonetheless too low or too high. If you see a claim elsewhere that your result ought to sit inside a narrower band than the one the laboratory printed, treat it with caution and ask your doctor.
Some assays cannot give an exact figure above or below a certain point, and those results are reported the way the laboratory sends them, for example as a value greater than a stated number. A result in range is not a clean bill of health, and a result outside a range is not a diagnosis: most reference ranges are set to cover about 95% of healthy people, so some healthy people fall just outside them. No blood test replaces an examination, a scan or your own doctor's judgement, and none of these panels is a screening programme for cancer.
If you have a symptom that is new, severe, or getting worse, contact your GP or NHS 111 rather than waiting for a test result. In an emergency call 999.
Frequently asked questions
I have found a lump. What should I do?
See your GP within a few days; they can examine you and arrange an ultrasound. This blood test can support that assessment but should not delay it.
Why three markers?
AFP and hCG are raised in different tumour types, and LDH reflects tumour bulk. Together they give a fuller picture than any one alone.
Does biotin affect the result?
It can. High-dose biotin (vitamin B7), often sold for hair, skin and nails, can make some hormone results read too high or too low. Laboratory advice is usually to leave at least 8 hours after a dose of 5 mg or more, and some advise longer, so the simplest approach is to skip it on the day of your sample. Tell us if you take it, and do not stop a medicine that a doctor has prescribed.
How long do results take?
The laboratory typically takes 1 to 2 working days from receiving your sample. This does not include kit delivery, sample collection or return postage. A doctor reviews your results before they are released.
Can I choose a home kit or a clinic?
This test is a clinic blood draw, as it needs a venous sample for accuracy. We arrange a convenient appointment for you.
Is a doctor involved?
Yes. Every result is reviewed by a GMC-registered doctor who signs it off and explains what it means and what to do next.
Is it confidential?
Your results are available through your secure patient portal. Our privacy policy explains how your information is handled and when it may be shared to provide your care.
What happens to my sample and results?
Your sample is analysed at a UKAS-accredited laboratory (ISO 15189). A GMC-registered doctor then reads every result and signs the report before it is released, so nothing reaches you unreviewed. There is no option to receive results without a doctor reading them first. The report arrives in your secure portal in plain English: each result with its unit and the laboratory's own reference range, and the doctor's note on what the set means read together. If a result sits outside its range the report says so and explains what usually happens next, which is most often a conversation with your own GP, who can act on it alongside your history and examination. Most reference ranges are set to cover about 95% of healthy people, so about 1 in 20 healthy people fall just outside any one of them. On a report with many results it is common for one to sit just outside its range, and a single number on its own rarely tells the whole story. If a result needs urgent attention, the reviewing doctor is alerted straight away and we contact you by phone the same working day rather than leaving it in the portal for you to find. If a specific result needs rechecking, the reviewing doctor says so in your report.
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